Blogging through Invitation to Sociology (2023)

1. Summary What is demography?  The demography is the study of the population's change. It can relate with births, deaths, migration, and aging because it affect the population's change.  Why we should take a look at demography? The any phenomena in history like world war one was a complex phenomena. Demographic indicators may explain that overpopulation and increase of the competition might cause this. So Demographic analysis can be a one of the good tool that can explain complex of sociological phenomena. History of the demography While there were census in the ancient China, Rome or Arab the modern census began in 18th century. The purpose of the census was for the taxation or political representation.  Important stastics Fertility , ability of females to produce future generation. Fecundity  is the potential reproductive capacity of a female. crude birth rate : the annual number of live births per thousand people total fertility rate : the average number of child...

    https://archive.is/4LUES As mentioned in the article china has a labor shortage just like every industrialized nations. In the article the economist cited the word of Xi jinping when he met with trump for my perspective make chinese like a overpatriotic chauvinist. But you have to know Chinese communist party are very practical when they maintain the system the Chinese community party chose the state capitalism because it was more efficient than planned economy. Even though some current chinese rulers are making patriotic and nationalist expressions to the people they will choose mass immigration when it is needed to maintain system. You might ask yourself who want to live in china. But I think plenty of workers will move to China. China currently have an economical hegemony in south east Asia, Africa and some south asian countries like Pakistan. They are not rich than China and they have a favorable views to China. In south eastern China the overseas Chinese called Huaren...

1. Summary The term technology has many meanings, the techinque like farming, manufacture industrial products or knowledge of techinque can be a technology and the products of the techinque like cars and computers can be called as technology.  The technology like moblie phone brought the changes in society. It made the payphones declined and created new norms. It also created the negative phenomenons like increase of anxiety and dependent to technology.  Social network also brought the many changes. It made the friends from the far distance talk with each other lively. But it has negative aspects like wasting your time or gender inequality.(the woman with sexual profile has a low ability than the woman with non sexual profile) Video game also has many good aspects like lowering the smoking rate and growing your visual attention. But it also has negative aspects like make your health bad. 2. Discussion I recently talked with the guy who translated articles into korean the artic...

1. Summary Race  The english word "race" is introduced in late 16th century from the french. The race is a clarification of human population based on the real or imagined distinctions like skin color or facial characteristics. The race is often not chosen by individuals it is classified by society. It means people's in the society classify you as some race not you are choosing the race. Ethnicity The race and ethnicity are often being related. On the contrary to the 'race' the ethnicity is more related with the shared historical and social traits. Like nationality, tribe, religious faith, shared language, shared culture, shared traditions. And it is not being chosen by the other people like race. The race is a social construct. The concept of the race has been changed if we take a look at the history. The ancient Egyptians belive there are 4 races in the world and the medieval eupreans believe that the people of the world is the descendants of the Noah's 3 ...

  1. Summary Gender and Sex Gender means the person's social location based on sociocultural factors. Sex means the person's status based on biological and medical factors. The person who follow their sex and gender is cisgender and the person who doesn't is transgender. Many people think that the sex is easily determined but there are intersex people who is not easily designated as male or female. The current society keep make people follow the gender role since they are babies. They can ask to play with certain toys or being heard the roles of them. But the gender are very fluid things so you can find the people like drag queens( men who wears 'feminine' clothes). Sexism The term sexism refers to various meanings. But it can be summarized into this, the discrimination against the certain person based on their perceived gender or sex. Sexism against the female often called as 'male chauvinism'.(Chauvinism means the extreme bigotry and hate against the other...

 1. Summary  The definition of social inequality and some informations What is social inequality means? The social inequality means the unequal allocation of the resources such as wealth made by social factors such as power, religion, kinship, prestige, race, ethnicity, gender, age, sexual orientation, and class. The social inequality is linked to economic inequality and many sociologist and economist although their field and the method they use in the research is quite different they both actively researching about this. Various people argue that social inequality is linked to inequality of opportunity, meritocracy and so on.  History of social inequality The social inequality was existed in every society but inequality in the hunter gather society is much lower than today's inequality and the some people argue that globalization in the modern era caused more social inequality. The statics related with social inequality Many people use the GDP per capita when they talked...

1. Summary Social stratification refers to social phenomenon of the divisions of people in society made by socioeconomic factors. A social classes can be formed by the kinship, clan, tribe, or caste, or all four. There are 4 principles when we talk about social stratification.  1. Social stasification is about property of the society not individuals in society. 2. Social stasification can be reproduced over the generation. 3. Social stasification can be found in every society but it has uniqueness of the society by society. 4. Social stasification can be a qualitative beliefs and attitudes about social status more than the quantitative inequality. Social mobility means the intragenerational or intergenerational movement of the people in the society's stasification. There is an open stratification systems that can move to another social status the societies with this system has higher level of intragenerational mobility. There is also a closed stratification systems with no mobility...

  1. The summary The Dramaturgy is a concept used in micro-sociology to explain social interaction happening in people's life. This term is originated by Erving Goffman and Kenneth Burke(who is influenced by Goffman). Burke believed that our life is in like a real theater while Goffman used it just metaphorically. Dramaturgy explains that our everyday life is like an play in the theater. We have a role in the society and we present it to the other people like actor perform the role to the audience with wearing proper costumes. It also said as actor's identiy is not stable in the play on the stage person's identity in society keep changing by social interaction. There are seven elements Goffman classified about the performance(in dramaturgy "performance" means the performance of self, the effort to make impression to others). 1. The belief: The performer's belief in his or her role the audience(the public) can only try to guess whether the performer is sincere ...

  1. summary Symbolic Interactionism is a sociological theory that assuming there is a "the shared understanding and interpretations" made by people's communicating process this things are getting recreate by the interpretation. This is how they think that society maintain and recreate. So the society is made both natural and "symbolic" elements. Symbolic Interactionism is import theory in the micro sociology and social psychology. George Herbert Mead, Herbert Blumer and many other sociologists contributed to the development of Symbolic Interactionism. According to the book<Mind, Self and Society> written by Mead's students by talks with him when he was alive Mead use 3 terms. The Mind is the ability to use symbols to create the concepts and the meanings, The Self is how the individual react what he is being potrayed in the society and The society is the mixture of all of this. Herbert Blumer was a student of the Mead and he is called as the founder of...

  When people talk about gender stratification by looking this kinds of map. Many people start to talk about how Islam is oppressive to woman. Maybe they are right Islam's certain gender role can be criticized for "gender discrimination". But when you see this map you can see very interesting thing. The Muslims countries like Albania, Bosnia, kazahstan and so on have the higher equality than some Muslim countries or even some Christian majority countries. The reason that this is happening is because the communism in 20th century which follows the egalitarianism regardless of gender and state atheism, ideology that state should promote atheism made the Muslims in that countries secular than the other Muslims and even some countries' Christians. I recently watched interviews of Nexhmije Hoxha. The wife of communist ruler of the albania. She told how women were oppressed before the communism.  "I was allowed to not wear a veil and to continue my studies, many of my ...

(In the middle ages the 'Deviant' woman was considered as witch)  1. Summary What is Deviance? It is a action that violates social expectations that determine the human behavior in the society. Sociology studies how many "Deviance" occurring in the statically and how people define "Deviance". There are some theories explains the "Deviance".  Social biologists explain that humans may evolve by group coherence. So humans tend to avoid the Deviance by the pressure to confrom the social norms and expectations. According to Social-Strain Typology presented by Robert K. Merton there are some types when we discuss Deviance. We can see this by 2 criteria. "(1) a person's motivations or his or her adherence to cultural goals; (2) a person's belief in how to attain his or her goals." (cultural goals and means of attaining those goals) When we accept both this is conformity, when we accept only cultural goals this is innovation, when we acce...

  1. Summary  Social network is a social structure that has a social interaction between the actors of the society. 'Social network' is used to study the relationships between individuals, groups, organizations or whole societies. Including the various fields of studies like Anthropology, Biology, Communication Studies, Economics, Geography, Information Science, Histology and Sociology.  Émile Durkheim and Ferdinand Tönnies showed the prototype of the social network. Tönnies presented 2 concepts. The one is the "community" the person and informal contact is made plus this is made by the individuals who share the same beliefs. The other is the "society" where the impersonal and formal contact is made. Durkheim explained the social facts in non-individual ways. He said that social phenomena occur when the individual actor think beyond the individuals.  There are three general levels that social networks may used.  1.micro-level - individual or the small group ...

1. Social structure is entities or groups between individual or the group of individuals. This term also means the overwhelming social culture or the social system.  Embeddedness - this concept is introduced in middle of the 1980s to explain how social structure influence the individuals. Grannoveter explained this concept that actors in the society do not act as an "atom" outside the social construct but they do not fully follow it. Our actions are influenced by the people we know and near us and we are not isolated individuals. Starting from Alexis de Tocqueville the later sociologist like Karl Marx, Herbert Spencer, Max Weber, Ferdinand Tönnies, and Emile Durkheim have been contributed the concept of social structure of the sociology. Marx argued that economical factor determines the socioeconomical factors.  The concept of social structure was further developed in the 20th century. By scholars like Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Talcott Parsons and so on. Recent work made by Ma...

  Recent research conducted by Oxfam, notable British Charitable organization has found out that the top 1% of the world's richest people have taken 63% of the wealth generated during the covid era (between 2020 and 2022). https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/richest-1-bag-nearly-twice-much-wealth-rest-world-put-together-over-past-two-years Moreover the 26 richest individuals of the world own more money than the lower 50% of the world it is almost a 3.8 billion people. https://news.kbs.co.kr/mobile/news/view.do?ncd=4125437 Why this thing happens? People who follow the 'meritocracy' and Neoliberal economics might argue this is a natural phenomena because this small rich people is more talented than other. Maybe not all things they are saying is wrong. But their wealth was not made by the talent. The problem of the modern society is the wealth is making the wealth. The capital invests too much in assets. As I said two thirds of the wealth created after 2020 went to the top...

  1. Summary  What is socialization according to various sociologists it is certain that it is an important and fundamental social concept. But elements that consisting "socialization" can be different scholars by scholars. Jeffrey J. Arnett said that there are 3 goals of socialization.  "1. impulse control and the development of a conscience. 2. role preparation and performance, including occupational roles, gender roles, and roles in institutions such as marriage and parenthood.  3. the cultivation of sources of meaning, or what is important, valued, and to be lived for " In sum, "Socialization" involves adapting to the dominant culture of society to enable humans to function effectively within it.  As human society and it's culture are varied the socialization process can be varied. And we should not unfairly condemn one society's socialization process.  Socialization is important process in society but not every human behavior in society is ...

1. According to Freedom House the cuba is one of the nation with less liberty. Well in liberalist perspective that can be valid. Cuba has a one party system and the communis party ruled in cuba after 1961(Although the cuban revolution happend in 1959, Castro who lead the revolution claimed he was an anti-imperialist nationalist not communist until 1961). There is no opposition party in cuba and protest that is not permitted can be punished by law enforcement. Freedom House criticize the protest made and supported by united state cuban exiles in 2019 being oppressed by authority and some of the protestors being punished harsh. But they positively view the new family law of Cuba that allow homosexual parents. I think it is not perfectly valid firstly the protest in 2019 is very controversial. It is usa who impose sanctions against cuba. At least 10% of cuban gdp became reduced after usa's new sanctions against cuba. It is usa who is to be blamed for economic crisis not cuban governme...

 1. Summary Government is a collective of people who run and manage the organized community. It is a machinsm decide and enforce the certain policies or law. It has a constitution to define the characteristics, principles and philosophy of it's rule.  Government emerged after the humanity settled down in one place and started the agriculture. At the BCE 5000 the goverment that rule small city was appeared and around BCE 3000 the goverments that rule larger area were appeared at the areas nowadays called as Egypt, China and Iraq. Interestingly managing the water helped to develope the government. The "republican forms of government" was appeared during the 16th century and it became developed by various revolutions like glorious revolution in UK and French revolution and independence revolution of America. The Marx-Leninist state was competed against the western liberal democracy during the cold war but after the fall of the Berlin wall the liberal democracy became winner ...

  1. Summary What is politics? Politics is a process of making a socioeconomical decision in the group of people. It have been existed since the human appeared. Political power means a power to control how the wealth, resources and so on is distributed. Or it means a power to influence others in social sectors. Not only political leaders have a political power but also coperations, terrorists groups and so on have it. Authority in sociology means the claim of legitimacy. Rational-legal authority is authority made by law and formal rule. The president or prime Ministers of the democratic nation are great examples. Traditional authority is authority granted by traditional customs. The Saudi Arabian feudal de-facto ruler Bin Salam is a great example of this. Charismatic authority is authority based on the charisma of the leader. Most of this leaders are religious leaders like Joseph Smith the founder of Mormon church. In the modern society the state or government is the only organizat...

  1. Summary Economic sociology and Socioeconomics both study the relationship between how economical/social factors cause social/economical phenomena. Marxian theories are good examples of this. Various marxists pay attentioned how economical system called "capitalism" influence society. Various scholars focused on not only capitalism but also secularization, relationship between economy and religion, rationalization and urbanization. At the "Socioeconomic" Wikipedia page, it is mentioning various examples of how environmental pollution is made by economical causes. Deforestation, pollution of water, Habitat destruction and so on. 2. Discussion In this discussion I will talk about why economical factor is quite important than other factors when we observe society.  Is really the unemployment(social phenomena) caused by technological development(technical factors)? Some people might assume that recent unemployment was caused by advanced technology. And maybe in the ...

  1. Summary  Economy has existed with humanity as human always make and trade something. Lydians used gold and sliver as a currency for the first time and ancient Babylonians made a system looks like a economic system for the first time. The capitalism has emerged at 16th century. At that time venture capital and stock market were made. During the industrial revolution Mercantilism was replaced by the free market capitalism. This made the most parts of economy controlled by capital and capitalists who own the capital. The economic crisis during the 1870-1880s and 1930s made the criticism to capitalism grow. In modern day capitalism today state do the important role in economy. It prevents monopoly unemployment and inflation that market made.  But mordern day capitalism system also basically ruled by market system and private property. From the 19th century to present capitalism has been criticized by many people like marx, lenin, Bookchin and more. The reasons for agains...