14.2 Race and Ethnicity



1. Summary

Race

 The english word "race" is introduced in late 16th century from the french. The race is a clarification of human population based on the real or imagined distinctions like skin color or facial characteristics. The race is often not chosen by individuals it is classified by society. It means people's in the society classify you as some race not you are choosing the race.

Ethnicity

The race and ethnicity are often being related. On the contrary to the 'race' the ethnicity is more related with the shared historical and social traits. Like nationality, tribe, religious faith, shared language, shared culture, shared traditions. And it is not being chosen by the other people like race.

The race is a social construct.

The concept of the race has been changed if we take a look at the history. The ancient Egyptians belive there are 4 races in the world and the medieval eupreans believe that the people of the world is the descendants of the Noah's 3 sons and made a racial distinctions based on this. You can also see in the racial classification of the United States of America and Brazil. However the biological factors are also partly related with the race. For example some diseases are more often in certain race. So the race is social construct it is also related with the biological factors. 

Racism

This is 4 meanings of racism in the book 

"1. race is the primary determinant of human capacities (prejudice or bias)

2. a certain race is inherently superior or inferior to others (prejudice or bias)

3. individuals should be treated differently according to their racial classification (prejudice or bias)

4. the actual treating of individuals differently based on their racial classification (discrimination)"

2. Discussion

I watched video made by master of history and  currently studying in the Germany for the doctor's degree. https://youtu.be/soCviNCNVDw

According to his video and sources that he is showing, the racism in the medieval Europe is less than current society. Europeans are welcomed Ethiopians who is believing the Christianity and they just said "Well their skin is black but that is fine." One of the European noble even made his daughter to marry with the Ethiopian. 

Some accused the racism is developed in the era of the capitalism. https://wspaper.org/article/24032 I think that 'scientific' and 'modern' racism is developed in this era of capitalism but the racism(the discrimination against the other race) is existed before the capitalism. For example in the josen(korea during 14th to 20th) dynasty the butcher(which is considered as 'lower class') was mostly the immigrants to central asia.

I think racism plays some roles in the capitalist society. The capitalists have used the racism to make the working class divided. But on the other hand they supported the crushing the racism because they want to use the 'cheep' minority race as their workers.

Also the modern capitalist coperations sometimes uses the 'anti-racism' to make more profit. You can see this like Disney's recent film <The Little Mermaid> that the main character is a black actor to target the black people and the coperations that support the BLM movement.

The wise people who want to make the real change in this world should against the racism that divide the worker and notify the tricks of capitalist coperations branding them as "anti-racist" to make the real change in the society.

And it is sad thing that the accuse of "racism" is sometimes used very political. For example the right wing in the western society advocate the Jewish rights to self defense while many Palestinians are suffering under the apartheid of the Israel. And the left wing in the western society criticize the racism of the black people and Muslims in the western society but ignore the racism in the Muslim countries.

3. Questions 

Why the racism still exist in modern world?

Will the concept of "race" removed in the future?



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