Blogging through Invitation to Sociology (2023)

1. Summary Social stratification refers to social phenomenon of the divisions of people in society made by socioeconomic factors. A social classes can be formed by the kinship, clan, tribe, or caste, or all four. There are 4 principles when we talk about social stratification.  1. Social stasification is about property of the society not individuals in society. 2. Social stasification can be reproduced over the generation. 3. Social stasification can be found in every society but it has uniqueness of the society by society. 4. Social stasification can be a qualitative beliefs and attitudes about social status more than the quantitative inequality. Social mobility means the intragenerational or intergenerational movement of the people in the society's stasification. There is an open stratification systems that can move to another social status the societies with this system has higher level of intragenerational mobility. There is also a closed stratification systems with no mobility

1)  Summarization Race and ethnicity are important aspects of human identity that have significant impacts on social interactions, power dynamics, and cultural attitudes. Race refers to the physical characteristics that are used to categorize people based on their skin color, facial features, and other physical attributes. Ethnicity, on the other hand, refers to a person's cultural background, including language, religion, traditions, and values. Additionally, race and ethnicity intersect with other social identities such as gender, sexuality, and socioeconomic status, creating complex systems of privilege and oppression. For instance, black women are more likely to experience discrimination and oppression compared to white women or black men due to the intersections of racism and sexism. 2) What was interesting/what did you learn? Throughout history, race and ethnicity have been used to justify discrimination, oppression, and violence against marginalized groups. Examples of such

1)  Summarization Gender refers to the social, cultural, and psychological differences between males and females. While sex refers to biological differences such as genitalia and hormones, gender is a social construct with gender roles, expectations, and stereotypes varying across cultures and time periods.  Efforts to promote gender equality include challenging gender norms, breaking down barriers to education and career opportunities, and promoting diversity and inclusivity. 2) What was interesting/what did you learn? Through studying gender, I develop a greater understanding of social norms, power structures, and biases that impact society. also learn about opportunities to advocate for gender equity and work towards creating a more inclusive world. 3) Discussion points How can we work towards creating a world where everyone, regardless of gender, has access to equal opportunities and resources?

  1)          Summarize Some try to teach children and adults beliefs about human anatomy that do not match empirical reality. To distinguish between women and men, to distinguish which names we use, to distinguish hair, eyes, and skin colors. Social scientists have addressed these questions in many ways, but today they remain a strong belief system in our world, both in the sex system, in the religious and scientific population. In these areas, we introduce the components of the gender classification system and explore how people understand these beliefs in continuous life and the consequences of these social structures on the larger social world.   2)          new, interesting, or unusual items learned Social scholars distinguishes Jeng and gender.Jenger refers to social position that people recognized in the designated or a social location between men and women' behavior.However, sex refers to the meaning of genetic, biological factors recognized by medical, religion  

 ① Different races of connotation are the people with common physical characteristics formed in the early stage of human development. Nation refers to a stable community formed in history with common language, common region, common economic life and common psychological quality in common culture.  ② The same race can be divided into different nationalities.For example, the Han and Hui ethnic groups in China, the Korean ethnic group in Korea and the Yamato ethnic group in Japan are all yellow race. Many peoples in Europe are white; Many ethnic groups in southern Africa are black. It is almost impossible for the same people to belong to different races.  ③The different races are generally marked by skin color, hair color and hairstyle, eye color, head type, face type, nose type, blood type and other physical characteristics. Ethnic groups are divided by social factors such as language, region, economic life and psychological quality.

 Social inequality refers to the relational process in a society involving the restriction or injury of the social status, social class and social circle of certain groups. Social inequalities include the level of ownership of private property rights, the right to vote, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, and access to education, health care, quality housing, transport, tourism, mobility, holidays, and other social goods and services. In addition, social inequalities can be observed in family and neighbourhood life, occupation, job satisfaction, and the availability and quality of access to credit. If economic divergence increases, it has the potential to lead to social inequality. The causes of social inequality are varied, but often far-reaching. Social inequality exists between races, classes and countries. This inequality can be found in the history of countries all over the world.

 Formation process Formation mechanism First, social system and social culture define the value of social resources. Societies with different systems and cultures have different definitions of what is valuable and what is not. Second, rules of social distribution determine how these resources are distributed among social groups in different locations. Thirdly, the final aspect of the formation of social stratification mechanism is social mobility. Social mobility leads individuals or social groups in a society to different levels of social distribution.  Constitutive aspect First, the structure of social inequality or "status difference structure", that is, the society is divided into the structure of unequal status or social status difference network. This is what we see at a glance when we look at any society, any community. Second, how exactly do people enter the status differential structure? Sociologists call this process of entry the "status access" mechanism.

  1. The summary The Dramaturgy is a concept used in micro-sociology to explain social interaction happening in people's life. This term is originated by Erving Goffman and Kenneth Burke(who is influenced by Goffman). Burke believed that our life is in like a real theater while Goffman used it just metaphorically. Dramaturgy explains that our everyday life is like an play in the theater. We have a role in the society and we present it to the other people like actor perform the role to the audience with wearing proper costumes. It also said as actor's identiy is not stable in the play on the stage person's identity in society keep changing by social interaction. There are seven elements Goffman classified about the performance(in dramaturgy "performance" means the performance of self, the effort to make impression to others). 1. The belief: The performer's belief in his or her role the audience(the public) can only try to guess whether the performer is sincere

   1) Summarize   Gender is socially constructed and affects social roles, identity, and power relationships. This page deals with the history of gender, the social impact of gender, and the issues of gender equality to understand the social composition and interaction of gender. Gender is experienced socially in various ways, reflecting social systems and cultural influences and cultural influences. This page aims to contribute to social diversity and social justice through an understanding of gender    2) An interesting point I was intrigued by the view that gender is socially constructed and influences social roles, identities, and power relationships. The reason why I chose this view as an interesting content is that it provides an understanding of how gender plays a role in individual and social interactions.   3) Question How do social expectations of gender and power relationships interact? How is the imbalance of power by gender formed and maintained?

  1. summary Symbolic Interactionism is a sociological theory that assuming there is a "the shared understanding and interpretations" made by people's communicating process this things are getting recreate by the interpretation. This is how they think that society maintain and recreate. So the society is made both natural and "symbolic" elements. Symbolic Interactionism is import theory in the micro sociology and social psychology. George Herbert Mead, Herbert Blumer and many other sociologists contributed to the development of Symbolic Interactionism. According to the book<Mind, Self and Society> written by Mead's students by talks with him when he was alive Mead use 3 terms. The Mind is the ability to use symbols to create the concepts and the meanings, The Self is how the individual react what he is being potrayed in the society and The society is the mixture of all of this. Herbert Blumer was a student of the Mead and he is called as the founder of

 1.Summary In this article, social scientists introduce the components of the sex/gender system and explore how people understand the beliefs of sex/gender in their continued lives and the impact of these social structures on the larger social world. Sociologists say that they distinguish trans/sis people more than sex. A trans is a person who was born biologically designated as a woman, for example, but who wants to be a man/biologically designated as a man, but who wants to be a woman. Cis refers to people who were born biologically female and who want to remain female/biologically male and who want to remain male. And there are many differences between men and women. First of all, there are biological differences. Secondly, there are social and psychological differences. For example, it means that men tend to focus on the tasks they face, while women tend to focus more on personal relationships. In addition, there is gender discrimination that occurs due to different gender, and thi

  1) Summary      The gender vs sex debate has been around for years and it has divided people from different religious beliefs and those who like scientific proof against each other. Gender is what a person projects to society through masculine and feminine attitudes- which are established differently depending on the cultural background of each individual. Every human can adopt and express the behaviors they feel more comfortable portraying in society, however, since we are born we are shaped into what is traditionally accepted as "normal", whether it's following a masculine or feminine role. People who are raised this way develop a heteronormative identity but gender still is fluid. When we talk about the term "sex" we often refer to a person's biological assignment given by an authority (medical). This is where the idea of the two sexes comes from, with females having two x chromosomes and males having XY chromosomes. Even though both sexes start teethin

 1.Summary Social inequality occurs in the process of unequal distribution of social resources, such as power, religion, gender, age, and race. This inequality is seen in almost every society. Social inequality is also linked to income-related economic inequality. Because unequal distribution of economic resources also affects social status, it seems that economic factors have a significant impact on social inequality. Therefore, many societies around the world claim to be meritocratic societies. It is said that the poor lower class was created because of limited opportunities. This is because the working class is people in production and generally affects the national economic level. It is also said that globalization reduces the distance between time and space, creates a global interaction between culture, society, and social roles, and increases inequality worldwide. 2.Interesting point Among social inequalities, the content related to economic growth was the most interesting. The c

 1.Summary Social stratification is the grouping of people by various socioeconomic factors. The concept of social stratification is often interpreted as a different use within a particular theory. For example, supporters of behavior theory argued that social stratification is common in advanced societies and that ruling classes are needed to maintain social order and provide a stable social structure. However, if you tend to have political power, there is little possibility of socioeconomic development. Moreover, while stratification is not limited to complex societies, all complex societies exhibit the characteristics of stratification. 2.New point He learned new things about Marxist theory, and it is said that the method of production of Marxist theory consists of the foundation and superstructure, which are the main parts of the economy. According to Marx, social connections are determined by the relationship with the means of production. In all social classes, there are two types

  1) Summarize  Social inequality occurs when resources are unevenly distributed in a given society, usually through distribution norms that produce specific patterns according to socially defined categories of people. Social inequality is related to economic inequality and is often described in terms of unequal distribution of income or wealth; This is a type of social inequality that is often studied. There are five systems or types of social inequality: wealth inequality, treatment and responsibility inequality, political inequality, life inequality and membership inequality. Social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of social class, wealth and political influence. A society can be politically stratified by authority and power, economically stratified by income level and wealth, and occupationally stratified by one's occupation. For example, some roles such as doctors, engineers, lawyers, etc. rank high, so they give orders, while the rest take them. There are three

 1) Summarize  Social stratification is when a society divides its people into groups (social and political) based on socioeconomic factors such as wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power. Thus, stratification is the relative social status of people within a social group, category, geographic area, or social unit. Social stratification is based on four principles. First, social stratification is defined by society as the property of society rather than the individuals within that society. Second, social stratification is transmitted from generation to generation. Third, social stratification is universal (it occurs in every society) but variable (it varies by time and place). Fourth, social stratification involves not only quantitative inequality but also qualitative beliefs and attitudes about social status. 2) Interesting point Weber introduces three independent factors that make up his theory of hierarchical hierarchy, they are

 1) Summarize  Dramaturgy is a sociological perspective often used in micro-sociological descriptions of social interactions in everyday life. ( The term was originally adapted from theatre into sociology by Erving Goffman, who developed most of its terms and ideas in his 1956 book Self-Presentation in Everyday Life.) According to Goffman, there are seven important factors in acting:  Believe in the role one is playing : Belief is important, even if it cannot be judged by others; The audience can only try to guess whether the performer is sincere or cynical. Front (or "mask"): Standardized, generalizable, and transferable techniques used by performers to control the way the audience perceives them. We wear different masks all our lives. Dramatic realization : Depict aspects of the performer that they want the audience to know. When performers want to emphasize something, they will carry it out dramatically, for example, to show how accomplished a person is when dating to

1. Summary  Social inequality occurs when the resources of a given society are distributed unevenly. Social inequality is usually associated with economic inequality, such as unequal distribution of income and wealth. In addition to economic inequality, social and natural resources are also distributed inequally. Social inequality is found in almost all societies and classified into egalitarian, class and stratified societies. Social inequality can also be divided into five types: wealth inequality, inequality in treatment and responsibility, political inequality, inequality in living, and inequality in membership. Inequality is influenced by many socially defined characteristics of an individual, such as social status, race, and class   2. Interseting point  The most impressive part was the inequality and economic growth. The hypothesis that economic inequality, which was the mainstay of liberal economic theory, was an essential prerequisite for economic growth was very interestin

1) summarize  What is social inequality? Social inequality is a phenomenon that occurs when a society's scarce resources are unequally distributed according to norms. Typically, social inequality is related to economic inequality, which is based on the unequal distribution of income or wealth. Economic inequality is one of the most frequently studied types of social inequality. Social inequality can be found in almost every society. Social inequality is categorized into egalitarian, class, and hierarchical societies. Egalitarian societies are based on equal opportunities and rights, so there is no discrimination. Class societies are mostly agricultural communities that are hierarchically grouped based on their status in society. Finally, hierarchical societies are those that are horizontally ranked into upper, middle, and lower classes.  There are two types of status in society: inherited and earned. Inherited status is characterized by the fact that it is present at birth or assig

 1) summarize  What is a social class? According to Wikipedia, "A social class is a distinct group of human beings within a society." In our society, differences in occupation and income create a social class. The difference in honor, prestige, and income separates the ruling class from the ruled class. If you don't have much income or high honor and prestige, you become the ruling class, and vice versa. These specific criteria create differences and create a hierarchy, where each level becomes a class.  Hierarchy also affects the consciousness, life, and ideology of individuals. Hierarchies are also passed down from one generation to the next. If a property or family name is inherited, the scope and opportunities for subsequent individuals are broadened. Social stratification refers to a society that classifies people into specific groups based on a variety of factors, including wealth, ethnicity, education, gender, honor, status, and power. There are four basic principl

 Social inequality is caused by many factors and complex interactions.Economic inequality is one of the main drivers of social inequality.The unequal distribution of wealth and resources has led to a widening gap between the rich and the poor. Education is a key factor in improving social status and economic opportunities.However, in some societies, the unequal distribution of educational resources leads to unequal opportunities for education.Schools in poor areas may face inadequate funding, shortages of teachers and low-quality education, limiting the development opportunities of children from poor families. Social class and discrimination are also factors of inequality.Discrimination against certain societies in terms of race, sex, religion, sexual orientation, etc., has led to fewer deprivation of opportunities and rights for specific groups.Such discrimination also exacerbates social inequality. While technological advances and globalization have brought economic growth and opport

   1) Summarize   Social inequality represents an unbalanced distribution of resources, opportunities, and power among members of society. This can be seen in economic, educational, political, and social aspects. Social inequality is closely related to social stratification and can be formed by discriminatory factors such as race, gender, economic status, and nationality. Social inequality is considered an issue of fairness and justice, and affects the overall well-being and development of society. Research to explore and investigate social inequality for understanding and response is considered important.    2) An interesting point What I found interesting in this document is "Social quality and education." This section deals with topics related to social inequality in education. For example, it is being introduced that people with lower education levels are more likely to experience lower incomes, lack of opportunities, and social mobility restrictions. I chose this content

 1. Summary Social inequality stems from the unequal distribution of resources and rights in societies organized by class, race, and gender hierarchies. It can manifest itself in many ways, such as inequality in income and wealth, unequal access to educational and cultural resources, and differential treatment by police and judicial systems. Social inequality is closely related to social stratification. Social inequality is characterized by the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. It encompasses structured and recurring patterns of unequal distribution of goods, wealth, opportunities, rewards, and punishments. Racism, for example, is understood as a phenomenon in which access to rights and resources is unequally distributed across races. In the U.S. context, people of color typically suffer from racial discrimination, which benefits whites by granting them privileges that allow them access to more rights an

 1. Summary Social stratification refers to the relative social status of individuals within a social group, category, geographic area, or social unit. It refers to the division of people into different levels or classes in society, based on a range of factors such as wealth, power, status, education, and occupation. There are many reasons for social stratification. These reasons include economic differences, inheritance of social status, racial and gender discrimination, education and skill differences, etc. These factors can lead to inequality between different groups and the formation of social stratification. Also social stratification may lead to economic inequality, inequitable opportunities, social tensions and social unrest. In addition, social stratification may also affect individual opportunities and social mobility, limiting the social and economic progress of individuals. 2. Interesting point There are different types of social stratification systems. These systems include

  1.summary : Social inequality is the uneven distribution of resources in society, and the criteria vary, such as gender, age, and status, which is also related to economic inequality and can occur in all societies. Income and wealth are mainly used as indicators of social inequality, and the pattern of inequality from an economic perspective is as follows. : Income gap, gender inequality, age inequality, health care and social class, food inequality. There is an opinion that the uneven distribution of these resources is a natural result according to ability. : meritocracies. However, these opinions do not fully guarantee compensation for all merit and may be related to corruption. Differences in natural status should also be considered. In a society that considers only natural status, social inequality is called caste inequality. As inequality occurs in a series in today's society, the extreme of social resources is intensifying. In addition, as spatiotemporal constraints decreas

  1) Summary      Social inequality occurs when resources are distributed unevenly in society, resulting in an unequal allocation to people based on which group they fall into.  Income disparity, gender inequality, health care, and social class are all manifestations of social inequality. It also refers to a lack of equal access to opportunities, particularly economic ones; this is where we can see unequal income distribution, which can have consequences for a person's rights and privileges, social power, and access to public goods such as education, adequate housing, transportation, social goods, and services. Racial and ethnic disparity, gender inequality, and various types of social status are all linked to social inequality. Social inequality is not uncommon; it is affected by a variety of structural elements, such as geographical location, and as social complexity develops, so does the level of disparity throughout society. Egalitarian societies (communities advocating for soc

  1)          Summarize Social inequality occurs when resources are generally distributed through assignment norms.It creates a certain pattern according to the line of the defined category.Social inequality is generally related to economic inequality based on income and wealth inequality distribution.The regulations of distribution can affect public issues such as access, social power, such as access, social power, education, or judicial systems, etc.   2)          new, interesting, or unusual items learned Social ethics and human society causes philosophical questions.By looking at the inequality situation where inequality is currently exist, identify how inequality is possible, and specifications that inequality is expected to rise in life.   3)          Question Social inequality is often not visible to our society, and preventive prevention.Even if there is a theory on social inequality, it is curious whether it is actually a fundamental solution that can actually pr

 Sociology, a somewhat cold subject, is relevant to all of us. Because in sociology, there is the essence of slavery and freedom. One of the things that struck me most was the total control society has over the individual. Some people compare society to a big prison, which takes advantage of people's desire to be accepted by the group to manipulate their thoughts and behaviors, so that even the most unruly people have to return to the track. Berger begins this journey by guiding us through the broad context of the sociological discipline and beyond. The first landscape that comes into view is the main theoretical picture of the discipline and the sociological vision that can enlighten and enrich our understanding of the everyday mundane. From a humanistic perspective, Berger points out the discipline's close relationship with history and philosophy. The journey then shows us the pursuit of sociology - "the vision of sociology is a broad, open vision of human life, a vision

 1、Population issues Population problem is one of the most important social problems in the world and is the core of many contemporary social problems. Although its specific performance varies in different countries, its essence is mainly manifested in the imbalance between the reproduction of population and the reproduction of material resources, and the overpopulation when the population growth exceeds the economic growth. 2、Ecological and Environmental Problems Ecological and environmental problems are highlighted by ecological damage and serious environmental pollution. It is a major obstacle to the operation and development of society. It is predicted that the main conflicts of future social problems will be focused on ecological environment. 3、Employment problem The problem of labor and employment originates from the disproportionate relationship between the labor force and the means of production. This imbalance is manifested in different forms in different societies and regions

 Today, our society is in a period of transition and hatred of the rich has become a very common social phenomenon. The academic community has different opinions on the nature of hatred of the rich. According to Mao Shulong, a professor at Renmin University, "the current so-called hatred of the rich in China is not really hatred of the rich, but hatred of injustice. Although there is injustice in being poor, the poor are often the victims of injustice, passive, and poor by necessity. The rich, however, are the beneficiaries of injustice, are active, and are rich by necessity." Professor Qian Wenzhong of Fudan University believes that hatred of the rich is a strange phenomenon, hatred of the rich can be summarized as follows: employees hate their bosses, students hate their teachers, patients hate doctors, and people who receive social help hate people who do charity. Professor Xie Jing has a novel perspective, linking the phenomenon of hatred of the rich with the different im